sipa changed the topic of #bitcoin-wizards to: This channel is for discussing theoretical ideas with regard to cryptocurrencies, not about short-term Bitcoin development | http://bitcoin.ninja/ | This channel is logged. | For logs and more information, visit http://bitcoin.ninja
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<Chris_Stewart_5> el gamal commitments are orthogonal to what is written about in the bullet proof paper right? I.e. the optimizations dont apply to those
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<sipa> indeed
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<Chris_Stewart_5> damn
<sipa> or rather, it would work, but you wouldn't get the soundness guarantee that el gamal commitments otherwise have
<Chris_Stewart_5> sipa: Hmm, so it is severely diminished? Because isn't perfect binding way more important?
<Chris_Stewart_5> like would it be trivial to unmask the amount?
<Chris_Stewart_5> for a 3rd party to unmask the amount obviously
<sipa> Chris_Stewart_5: el gamal commitments are perfectly binding but not perfectly hiding
<sipa> pedersen commitments are perfectly hiding but not perfectly binding
<sipa> our former rangeproof construction can be made to work with either
<sipa> bulletproofs cannot be perfectly binding
<Chris_Stewart_5> ah
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<waxwing> sipa, "A hypothetical future CT proposal for Bitcoin could make the rangeproofs not affect the weight." <- how so? rangeproofs are witness data right, but how would it be possible to not affect the weight at all?
<aj> waxwing: you'd have a separate witness for it with a different weighting?
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<waxwing> aj, re: different weighting, sure i could understand that (depending on how expensive verification is i guess), but i didn't read the above quote in that way; perhaps that was the intent.
<sipa> waxwing: yes, new witness type for CT
<sipa> which is costed differently
<sipa> possibly as 0
<waxwing> ok. so .. unfairly private transactions? :)
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<sipa> it was a hypothetical :)
<waxwing> yeah it's unfortunate that there's a zero lower bound here :) negative weight may lead to some ... rather large witnesses being produced :)
<sipa> well, if the cost for a rangeproof is 0, you'd still want it strictly limited i size
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<munchee> do wingardia leviosum work on bitcoin price
<munchee> perhaps cause of recent gains
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<grexeter> ;;tall
<gribble> Bitstamp BTCUSD last: 7416.4, vol: 16177.37 | BTC-E BTCUSD last: 7401.01, vol: 4088.78 | Bitfinex BTCUSD last: 7396.8, vol: 61400.94 | GDAX BTCUSD last: 7420.01, vol: 23421.39 | Kraken BTCUSD last: 7420.0, vol: 8280.87 | Gemini BTCUSD last: 7428.66, vol: 6457.51 | Volume-weighted last average: 7407.45
<grexeter> if you think about it, how does scaling bitcoin by not scaling bitcoin at all (lightning) make sense? they need to use their own network and nodes, to scale bitcoin?
<grexeter> that doesnt even seem like scaling bitcoin. that seems like diverting bitcoin to a 2nd network
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<mlz> !ops grexeter spamming
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<grexeter> wait what?
<grexeter> ;;ticker
<gribble> Bitstamp BTCUSD ticker | Best bid: 7430.04, Best ask: 7439.96, Bid-ask spread: 9.92000, Last trade: 7430.03, 24 hour volume: 15719.38913503, 24 hour low: 7089.0, 24 hour high: 7538.0, 24 hour vwap: 7300.31
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<Taek> grexeter: wrong channel. For casual discussion, #bitcoin
<grexeter> nah im good here, im a wizard
<grexeter> why cant we talk amongst wizards about scaling bitcoin, by not scaling bitcoin at all?
<grexeter> Taek: do you have anything meaningful to add to our convo, or are you just a door greeter good at redirecting people?
<andytoshi> grexeter: please take this elsewhere
<grexeter> if you dont like it, take yourself elsewhere and mind your own biz dicknoz
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<nsh> andytoshi, when are you coming to the UK?
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<surlyray> ;;sl "Andrew Poelstra bitcoin"
<gribble> https://www.weusecoins.com/andrew-poelstra/ | Andrew Poelstra is a Mathematician at Blockstream. ... He became involved in Bitcoin in late 2011, and joined Blockstream cofounders Greg Maxwell and Pieter ...
<surlyray> ;;sl "Andrew Poelstra bitcoin BS mathematician"
<gribble> https://medium.com/%40adam_selene/andrew-poelstra-bs-mathematician-f9b2f463914c | May 8, 2017 ... When it comes to development of the Bitcoin protocol and related technology, ... Blockstream's resident mathematician, Andrew Poelstra, at a…
<andytoshi> :rolleyes:
<surlyray> quit blocking non blockstreamers from speaking honestly
<andytoshi> earlygrey: don't be daft, coming onto a research channel and insulting regulars is not "speaking honestly"
<surlyray> its honest if its my feelings
<surlyray> you can inslut me all day all you want
<wumpus> feeeelings
<surlyray> i dont get upset if you're honest and its how you feel
<andytoshi> nsh: not sure, i've got a lot of travel in the new year, maybe i'll be able to fit it it
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* nsh nods
<nsh> let me know if you do :)
<andytoshi> if you're able to travel to europe, i'll be in milan at some point in february. will do :)
<nsh> unlikely, but many things are possible
<surlyray> andytoshi: now that we've got the formalities out of the way, can we discuss our difference, or, you are just resolved to ban and pretend my opinion is fake?
<nsh> surlyray, be civil and on-topic please
<surlyray> nsh, im trying my best to be patient -- please realize that isnt one of the things i was blessed with in this world -- but, how is discussing scaling bitcoin not ON TOPIC when thereis a war going on about scaling?
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<andytoshi> i have set the channel to +q ~a, which from https://freenode.net/kb/answer/registration should make all non-registered users +q. so fyi you have to auth to talk now
<kanzure> we should prolly remove that at some point
<kanzure> but not right now
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<lewis3127> hi, im confused, is this channel #blockstream-wussards or #bitcoin-wizards
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<kanzure> is this your "war"? confusing irc channels and wasting my time?
<lewis3127> no, the war hasn't started yet. we're just picking the targets
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<lewis3127> andytoshi: i see this is the only channel you're left in now -- this all you got? defend it bro!!
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<Chris_Stewart_5> lol
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<nsh> it would be nice to arrange some kinda reading group [e.g. google hangouts] for the bulletproofs paper and dependencies
<nsh> (or webinar i guess is what the awful people call these things)
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<waxwing> nsh, this may be helpful: https://github.com/bbuenz/BulletProofLib
<nsh> ty
<waxwing> i just saw someone link it earlier, no idea its status, but since it's the author, it's probably at least useful for investigation :)
* nsh wonders if Bünz or Bootle might consider committing an hour or so to unbefuddling their innovations for the masses [that is a slightly larger group of non-masses nerds]
* nsh nods
<nsh> eeep, but for the grace of -wizards this whole thing would end up implemented in bouncycastle in java
<waxwing> one venusian day perhaps nsh
<waxwing> i mean, hour
<nsh> :)
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<nsh> i just want to grok the kernel of the advance, which seems to be this inner product argument of pederson multicommitments, but i may be missing sufficient understanding of sigma protocols
* nsh works through [BCC+16] - https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/263.pdf
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<nsh> nor do i recall understanding Groth's technique so probably need to read this too: http://www0.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/J.Groth/NIZKJournal.pdf
<waxwing> nsh, yes i sort of had that idea, and worked through the inner product argument, understood it, but only mechanically. but then i read the range proof that comes after ... gulp ...
* nsh nods, definitely the toggle is set to "MORE MAGIC" here :)
<waxwing> the inner product 'improved' version in the new paper certainly seems easier to grok, more boiled down, than the version in the original bootle 16 paper. (see the diagonals thing)
<nsh> ah ok
<nsh> (Groth paper cited is actually '09 - http://www0.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/J.Groth/MatrixZK.pdf )
<waxwing> thx hadn't got round to looking that one up yet
<andytoshi> i don't think it's necessary to understand groth to understand bulletproofs, though i'm sure it wouldn't hurt
<andytoshi> i don't think there's a clean intuition for the rangeproof, it seems like there were a lot of forced moves regarding where to put blinding factors and hash challenges, and the result just wound up looking that way
<andytoshi> but the inner product argument is pretty elegant, essentially observe that if you have commitments A, B to (a, b), take a challenge x = H(A, B), and commit to ax + bx^-1 in a verifiable way, you're unable to do this except in the honest fashion
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<andytoshi> then if you have a dot product of vectors <a1, a2> and <b1, b2> consider the vectors of half size of hte form <a1x + a2x^-1> and <b1x + b2x^-1> .... the dot product of the first vectors is D = a1b1 + a2b2 .. the dot product of the second is D + a1b2 x^2 + a2b1 x^-2
<andytoshi> so the dot product is preserved and offset by these ugly cross-terms
<waxwing> yes i was just mulling over today the significance of the extra cross terms; it's not like they don't depend on a, b
<andytoshi> so in the inner product argument, the size of the vectors is repeatedly halfed, the L and R commitments compensate for the cross-terms that appear, and the challenges x are hashes of the L's and R's, which prevents cheating
<waxwing> that would be a nice "bullet point" if they didn't :)
<andytoshi> yeah, the inner-product argument is not zero-knowledge at all, it's ok to have dependence on the input
<andytoshi> i don't think this is really expanded, they assume you're familiar with the bootle 16 paper and think of the new argument as basically a tweak of that ... but the bootle16 paper is much more general and it's harder to see the forest for the trees there
<waxwing> the ax + bx^-1 seems not to be arbitrary i guess, if you have only one challenge value x, you need the cancellation between the two vectors, so you need an inverse, so i guess nothing other than (x, x^-1) makes sense?
<andytoshi> yeah, that's where i landed after spending a long time trying to make the scalar inverse go away
<waxwing> heh
<waxwing> i don't have the petty concerns of "how the hell am i going to code this so it doesn't take 5 hours to run"
<andytoshi> lol
<andytoshi> well, peterdettmann found a way to compute every necessary scalar with one multiplication per, plus a log-many multiplies and a single inversion
<andytoshi> so in the end it's not a big deal to have the inverse, but i still spent a while exploring the design space
<waxwing> cool
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<waxwing> so hang on, if you like unrolled the recursion for the dot product itself, do you end up getting basically all the cross terms, sum( a_i * b_j) multiplied by (x^2 + x^-2) or something?
<andytoshi> yup
<nsh> hence it's one mega multiexponentiation in the curve, which is nice for parallelisability
<nsh> iiuc
<andytoshi> yep, during verification at least
* nsh nods
<andytoshi> during proving, the cross-terms depend on previous cross-terms so you have to do them in order
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<sipa> ^ multiexp speedup
<waxwing> ah but it's a bit weirder eh, because a_i * b_j at one level is actually a_i' * b_j' so not so simple i think
<andytoshi> waxwing: yes, but that weirdness is hidden in the L's and R's, which are complicated for the prover to compute, but the verifier just takes them as opaque points
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<nsh> 'His construction relied on the PCP theorem though, and did not yield a practical scheme' # interesting phrasing... is the PCP theorem by itself non-constructive or something?
<nsh> or just naively results in hugecrufts
<waxwing> am i the only one who finds talk of 'multi-exponentiation' weird because only came to this via ECC stuff? (it really is scalar mults, isn't it?)
<andytoshi> i haven't read it, but my understanding is that it's constructive but just huge
<andytoshi> waxwing: yeah, sorry, it's because academics use "exponentiation" to mean scalar mults
<andytoshi> it's just a notational difference, xG vs g^x, it comes from historically cryptosystems using multiplicative groups
<waxwing> sure i get it. i guess there isn't a problem since it's not like it can mean anything else here.
<sipa> advantage of exponential notation is that it's clear what is a scalar and what is a point
<sipa> disadvantage of exponential notation is that scalar formulas translated from scalar to point domain look vastly different, despite being ismorphic
<waxwing> biggest disadvantage of exp notation: i can't read the paper without squinting :)
<sipa> actually, the biggest advantage of exp notation is that the result look far more mathy
<waxwing> yeah it's super-cool doing x^x^x^... in LaTex
<Alanius> I'm sometimes tempted to switch to the triangle of power
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<sipa> tetration?
<nsh> .wik Tetration
<yoleaux> "In mathematics, tetration (or hyper-4) is the next hyperoperation after exponentiation, and is defined as iterated exponentiation. The word was coined by Reuben Louis Goodstein, from tetra- (four) and iteration. Tetration is used for the notation of very large numbers." — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetration
<nsh> heh, neat
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<waxwing> log^a(b) and cos^(-k)(theta) are the ones that really get on my nerves
<sipa> it's also ambiguous
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<Alanius> how so?
<sipa> f^{-1}(x) is sometimes used to indicate the inverse function of f (as in: f(f^{-1}(x)) == x)
<waxwing> you mean what i said? yeah, that's why it gets on my nerves.
<waxwing> yes cos is just a special case of that screw up
<nsh> aye, functional inverse being notationally overloaded to reciprocal is one of the worst
<waxwing> well, no, with f people don't confuse it, but for trig they do, and sometimes log.
<nsh> someone will eventually restart mathematical notation from a higher categorical departure point and it will be beautiful and nobody will learn or use it
<waxwing> yeah triangle of power, nice thought
<sipa> waxwing: i don't think i understand the ambiguity you're talking about
<nsh> log^x(b) is (log(b))^x where the logarithm base is notionally/conventially implicit, in my maths education anyway
<nsh> but you get the same issue with -1
<waxwing> cos^(-1)(theta) traditionally is used for the inverse function, while cos^(2)(theta) is universally the square, but that's inconsistent and confuses people. hmm OK maybe it really is the same for 'f', i forget now.
<waxwing> nsh, yeah same for log. i'm not sure why but i have it in my head it's much worse with log and trig than just normal functions; probably because people only more rarely write f^2(x) (although they do, of course)
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* nsh wonders why the sec parameter is given as 1^λ, which seems a lot like 1 for any value of λ
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<nsh> is it moral to say that a pederson NIZK scheme still has a CRS which is the ancillary group generator[s] and thus still has a trapdoor in theory but this is avoidable by picking the generator element[s] using a NUMS scheme?
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<waxwing> 'moral'? :) but that's what i've been assuming, too.
<nsh> i mean fair, i guess. there's some mathematical use of "morally" that i'm failing to emulate :)
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<nsh> in Bootle+'16 they also exp/mult the basic generator by a random value, which iirc isn't done in CT
<nsh> ' The commitment key is ck= (G,p,g,g1,...,gn) and acommitment is of the form c=g^r . n/i=1 g^m_i. '
<nsh> no, i'm probably wrong there
<nsh> yeah ' commitment = xG + aH' - https://people.xiph.org/~greg/confidential_values.txt
<waxwing> yes it's just a generalisation of the pedersen commitment to a vector; still only needs one blinding value (so r in the above)
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<kanzure> nsh: i would prefer irc instead of hangouts for paper reading group. we could even call it #bitcoin-wizards.
<nsh> there are many for whom line-based typing is not the most fluid and efficient real-time communications modality :)
<nsh> i can speak at at least a tenth of the speed i think, for typing it's less than 1/100th
<nsh> your mileage clearly varies :)
<waxwing> lol
<waxwing> but what if it's actually the same ratio for kanzure .. :mind_blown.gif:
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<kanzure> no my bottleneck is input/output (both of them)
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<nsh> unclear to me what form u [the statement to be proved] takes in the [improved] inner product argument
<nsh> is it a vector (Z_p)^n?
<nsh> cc andytoshi
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<andytoshi> `u` in the inner product argument is a point
<andytoshi> if you mean mu, that's a scalar blinding factor
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<nsh> ah, ty
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<nsh> 'These polynomials are carefully constructed such that the zero-coefficient of <l(X),r(X)> ∈ Z_p[X] has a special form if and only if v is in the range.' # doesn't any inner product only have a zero-coefficient?
<andytoshi> these "polynomials" have vector coefficients, they're basically vectors of polynomials. then their dot product is a polynomial whose coefficients are the dot products of the original polynomials' coefficients
<andytoshi> so the inner product is itself a polynomial
<nsh> oh right
<nsh> thanks, was wondering about the vector-ness
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<nsh> oh so you start with a single polynomial whose coefficients encode the value and then you blind by splitting it into a left and right polynomial whose blinding factors cancel out
<nsh> nm
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