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<petroav>
Hey everyone! I'm taking the ocaml mooc at the moment and I'm having some trouble. I'd really appreciate some help. I'm having trouble understand a compiler error.
<petroav>
I'm not even sure how to interpret the compiler error? Is the expected type for the function signature or is it just for the expression?
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<Bluddy[m]>
The term highlighted with ^^^ is where the problem is
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<Bluddy[m]>
notice that sub_trie is held within `Some`, so it's data
<Bluddy[m]>
but if you look at lookup_aux, it takes a `t` argument
<Bluddy[m]>
and when you match on `t`, you use `match (t word idx)`, ie. you're taking the `t` argument and applying it as a function to `word` and `index`
<Bluddy[m]>
sorry, `idx`
<Bluddy[m]>
so is `t` a function, or is it a constant? that's what the compiler is confused about
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<Bluddy[m]>
petroav: ping
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<petroav>
Bluddy[m], Yes, that's it! The compiler thought I was invoking t as a function on those two arguments when in fact I'm just trying to pattern match. When I changed the line to match (t, word, idx) my code passed the type checker.
<petroav>
Bluddy[m], really appreciate you taking the time to help me :)
<Bluddy[m]>
sure thing. that's part of what this IRC is for
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<MobLurker>
Hey, new to ocaml here.
<MobLurker>
I have some code that isn't working like I expect it.
<MobLurker>
It's throwing a compiler error around line 30, saying that the pattern matching isn't kosher.
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<MobLurker>
Basically, from what I can tell, it's not passing the entire list of arguments through the function chain, instead just passing apply_rules first_non_terminal to the output and ignoring everything else.
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<MobLurker>
Can anyone help me out?
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<zozozo>
MobLurker: you should enclose your inner match with with "begin match ... with .. end"
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<zozozo>
also, the exact error would be helpful
<MobLurker>
Error: This pattern matches values of type 'a option
<MobLurker>
but a pattern was expected which matches values of type
<MobLurker>
'b -> 'c -> 'd -> 'e -> 'f
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<MobLurker>
I've never seen the syntax you're suggesting before. Can you give me an example?
<zozozo>
hm.. try and annotate generate_a_derivation and apply_rules with their type
<MobLurker>
I'm really new to ocaml and didn't even know that was possible.
<zozozo>
begin expr end is the same as (expr) so for instance:
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<zozozo>
match x with | Some_pattern -> do_something | Some_other_patter y -> begin match y with A -> 0 | B -> 1 end | Again_another_pattern -> bla
<MobLurker>
So is that identical to just putting it parens?
<zozozo>
yes
<MobLurker>
Okay, thanks.
<MobLurker>
So to clarify, for type annotations, does it generally look like
<MobLurker>
let function_name: 'a -> 'b -> 'c .... -> 'end_type = fun a b c ...
<zozozo>
MobLurker: I think I spotted the actual error: on line 16 when you apply generate_a_derivation, you have a starting parentheses at the end of the line, which makes the whole block of lines 17-25 a single argument instead of the 5 you expect to give it
<MobLurker>
.... wait how
<MobLurker>
I'm not sure I understand.
<zozozo>
you basically wrote : generate_a_derivation (argument1 argument2 argument3 argument4 argument5)
<MobLurker>
Does that get treated as a tuple, even without the comma?
<zozozo>
so the whole thing in parentheses wount as a single expression, so a single argument to generate_a_derivation
<zozozo>
meaning that the compiler thus expects arguments1 to be a function of 4 arguments
<zozozo>
whose return type will match that of the first argument of generate_a_derivation
<MobLurker>
oh
<MobLurker>
okay
<MobLurker>
that makes sense... ish....
<MobLurker>
It's pretty obvious that my first language was something C style, so this is very different syntax to me
<zozozo>
^^
<MobLurker>
okay, thanks. That clears stuff up.
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<MobLurker>
So I probably have a similar catagory of problem on line 30, then
<zozozo>
yup
<MobLurker>
as well as 20. Okay.
<MobLurker>
Thank you so much for the help!
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<MobLurker>
i appear to have another problem with the code, but IU
<MobLurker>
I'll take a crack at it before asking again. Thanks though!
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<infinity0>
is ocaml 4.04 likely to be released before nov 3?
<infinity0>
to get it into debian in time for the next stable version, i'd need to upload it before that date, because there are deadlines for various processes
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<companion_cube>
does debian have 4.03?
<infinity0>
nope, for a similar reason (requires some process i didn't have time to do yet)
<infinity0>
does 4.04 require 4.03 to compile?
<adrien>
the ocaml compiler bootstraps itself
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<adrien>
I take it you're working together with nicoo
<infinity0>
how? we can't download 4.03 during the build, on debian build machines
<infinity0>
no, haven't seen him. the debian ocaml mailing list was silent when i asked for help with 4.03
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<adrien>
it doesn't need to download anything additional
<adrien>
nicoo: free highlight :P
<nicoo>
Arg
<nicoo>
adrien: Thanks
<nicoo>
infinity0: I have an experimental (not as in the release suite) package for ocaml 4.04
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<infinity0>
did you build that on top of the 4.03 stuff i already pushed to git?
<infinity0>
i packaged ocamlbuild too btw
<nicoo>
The bit that is needed is packaging ocamlbuild (which is not part of the standard distribution anymore), and then doing a package transition (warning: transition freeze is SOON)
<infinity0>
which was necessary. it's in git too
<nicoo>
infinity0: Nope, that was in August and I didn't write to the mailing list mostly because I got pretty ill and didn't have time/spoons for finishing before transition freeze
<nicoo>
OK, seems your version is further along anyhow
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<infinity0>
4.03 is finished, i didn't start 4.04 yet because it's not released yet, so i don't know what you mean when you say you packaged it
<nicoo>
I'm being confused, meant 4.03
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<nicoo>
infinity0: The bootstrap works by building a C bytecode interpreter, and then using the bytecode-compiled OCaml compiler (shipped as part of the release process) to build the compiler
<nicoo>
IIRC
<nicoo>
Ah, misunderstood the backlog
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<infinity0>
wait so i forgot the original question, is it worth waiting for 4.04
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<MobLurker>
hi all
<MobLurker>
i'm trying to learn how to do type annotations and... well
<MobLurker>
Clearly there is a better way, and I suspect that this involves type declarations, but I can't find any good documentation on how to do this.
<zozozo>
it would seems that defining some types might be clearer
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<MobLurker>
I figured as much, but I can't seem to figure out how to do it.
<zozozo>
also, while tuples are useful, it can be nice to define structs (with named fields) instead
<MobLurker>
It's a requirement of the assignment I'm doing.
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<zozozo>
for isntance, you can have the following: "type (a, 'b) t = 'a * ('a -> 'b list)"
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<zozozo>
(that's just a random example, not something directly applicable to your code here)
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<MobLurker>
So is the idea that i first declare a list of generic types I wish to use in the type itself, then write how it works?
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<zozozo>
well, you can indeed use type aliases (as in my example above), to make the types clearer
<MobLurker>
so something a la type ('nonterminal, 'terminal) derivation
<MobLurker>
= ('nonterminal * (('nonterminal, 'terminal) symbol list)) list
<MobLurker>
?
<MobLurker>
er
<MobLurker>
type ('nonterminal, 'terminal) derivation
<MobLurker>
= ('nonterminal * (('nonterminal, 'terminal) symbol list)) list
<zozozo>
though I'd till recommand using structs instead of tuples, for the code clarity
<zozozo>
yup
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<MobLurker>
kk
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<MobLurker>
Can someone explain this error to me
<MobLurker>
Error: This expression has type ('a, 'b) t_derivation * 'b list
<johnelse>
MobLurker: The compiler is expecting an option type - it's the same as if you tried to pass an int to a function expecting an int option
<MobLurker>
shit, didn't see that
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<johnelse>
yeah, I missed it the first couple of times I read it :)
<MobLurker>
thanks
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<infinity0>
Running tests from 'tests/regression/pr3612' ...
<infinity0>
/tmp/camlobj9e7671.c:4:27: fatal error: caml/mlvalues.h: No such file or directory
<infinity0>
#include <caml/mlvalues.h>
<infinity0>
anyone get this
<infinity0>
fails during automated testing but not when i run it manually
<infinity0>
this file is the only file in the testsuite that includes mlvalues.h from a testsuite directory 3 levels deep, don't know why this should make it fail though
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<chindy>
when using merlin and emacs how can i execute a makefile that is in the same directory as the .merlin file aka not in src for example
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<sgronblo>
I guess there is no way to use record definitions as functions that would take all the required values of that record? Sort of like how you can create values of variants in haskell.
<letaris>
sadly not
<letaris>
there might be a preprocessor extension that can write the function for you
<Enjolras>
there is ppx_deriving_make for instance
<letaris>
If you have a lot of default values and you only need to override a few of them you could define an "empty" record and then use a functional update to override only the fields you want to change
<infinity0>
is there a way to get ocaml to dump how it calls gcc somewhere?
<Enjolras>
type foo = { bar: int; blah: float [@default 42.] } [@@deriving make]
<Enjolras>
it will generate make_foo : bar:int -> ?blah:float -> unit -> foo
<Enjolras>
(provided you installed ppx_deriving and use it in build system)
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<infinity0>
ah, -verbose
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<chindy>
How can i get the type of an expression in utop ?
<theblatte>
just entering the expression will evaluate + give you the type
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<reynir>
There's #typeof "foo", but I'm not sure how it works
<theblatte>
the other day I wanted to display what a type was but failed
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<chindy>
say i want the type of "+" ... it just says syntax error... oviously, but i want it to say val + : int -> int -> int
<Armael>
write (+)
<chindy>
ahh ... i'm retarded... haha thanks a lot
<chindy>
okay so aparently for (**) it just shows nothing
<Armael>
write ( ** ) :p
<Armael>
(**) is in fact an empty comment
<chindy>
haha
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<chindy>
so assuming i override the operator ( ** ) with a fucntion composition, how can i force ocaml to use it for exponentiation again ?
<flux>
chindy, well, there are two approaches
<Armael>
you can use its full path explicitly, eg Pervasives.(a ** b)
<flux>
chindy, you can either bind the original function to some other name and restore it afterwards: let exp = ( ** ) ... let ( ** ) = exp
<flux>
or you can do what armael said (can also be used for rebinding the definition)
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<chindy>
what is the "design decision" behind NOT letting people have polymorphic operators and Overloading while at the same time allowing people to Override Pervasives functions ?
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<chindy>
to me it seems like this decision combines the worst of both worlds.
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<Drup>
chindy: consider a language when you have overloading on +, what is the type of "let f x = x + x" ?
<Drup>
overloading, as provided by most languages, doesn't work well with full inference. Some languages provide similar mechanisms via typeclasses, but that leads to other issues when you have a module system such as ocaml's (see !implicits )
<Drup>
!implicits
<chindy>
exit
<chindy>
woops wrong window
<Drup>
companion_cube: your boat is failing me
<Drup>
bot*
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<chindy>
@Drup, i see the problem... i just dont understand why one would include overriding Pervasive's operators... its so confusing when you look into some code base and someone overrode ( ** )
<companion_cube>
apparently there is no rule for it
<companion_cube>
I added one for multicore
<Drup>
chindy: operators are just functions, there is no special rule for them
<flux>
though I would agree it's bad taste to redefine them..
<flux>
I mean it's ok for modules that aren't expected to be open'ed
<flux>
ie. Int32.(of_int 4 ** of_int 3)
<Drup>
chindy: it's very nice to be able to use a different meaning locally
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<Drup>
chindy: do you have an example of someone redefining it locally ?
<Drup>
(in a manner that is confusing)
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<chindy>
well I am currently reading through the book of John Harrison "Practical Logic" where he uses Ocaml and overrides ( ** ) as function composition
<chindy>
if you assum ** : float -> float -> float this , "let cls’ = map (filter ((not) ** defined fn ** negate)) cls" is pretty confusing
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<Drup>
that's pretty terrible, honestly :/
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<octachron>
Sometimes I miss unicode operators: wouldn't "∘" be nice for function composition?
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<Drup>
octachron: same here, but then I remember the few time I used haskell and agda, and I realize it's probably for the best.
<octachron>
Drup, it is true that resisting to the temptation to use more and more operators would be hard
<reynir>
I remember spending a lot of time figuring out how to enter various unicode characters when I first used agda
<octachron>
( or more exotic bracket/parenthesis (⟨bra|ket⟩ are nice after all) )
<Drup>
reynir: that's approximatly the time I discovered XCompose
<Armael>
you can alternatively have support from your text editor to pretty-print stuff if you like that
<reynir>
Hmmm
<Armael>
I guess that's what some people do in coq, with company-coq
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<bitbckt>
ligatures maintain spacing, where editor support may not.
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<Drup>
bitbckt: unsurprisingly, none of my tools work with this :p
<bitbckt>
:)
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<orbifx1>
I suppose partial application doesn't mean that a function gets partially evaluated too?
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<flux>
orbifx1, well, it can mean, but I suppose most of the time it's not really apparent to the user if that's happening on the background..
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<flux>
orbifx1, for example: let hashify h = function f -> .. can be called hashify (Hashtbl.create 42) to "partially evaluate" it, or if can be callde hashify (..) cos to "completely" evaluate it
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<orbifx1>
flux: will it even do it automatically, because of compilation optimisation?
<orbifx1>
also are there any modules for handling email strings? (just validating them etc)
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<companion_cube>
anyone tried to combine mrelin and youcompleteme?
<companion_cube>
seems like the second ignores the first
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<orbifx1>
yomimono: not full email message parsing, just the address
<yomimono>
sorry, that's all I got :(
<yomimono>
(although I'm surprised the address parsing isn't easily separable)
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<orbifx1>
I think I probably just need to use uri
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<petroav>
Hey everyone! If I have a (char * int) list, can I replace the int component of a particular tuple in that list? If so how can I do that?
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<Bluddy[m]>
petroav: How are you identifying the particular tuple? By the char?
<petroav>
yes
<Bluddy[m]>
let replace search_char new_int my_list = List.map (fun (x,y) -> if x = search_char then (x, new_int) else (x,y)) my_list
<petroav>
I see. So there's no way to do it in place? You're essentially reconstructing the list, right?
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<Bluddy[m]>
that's what functional programming is about. You create new data. List isn't mutable, and each member points to the next (immutably), so there's no way to go in and change only one member. Of course, it's OCaml, so you have the option of making an (char * int ref) list
<Bluddy[m]>
In this case, you can iterate through the list, and change the integer when you get to the right point
<Bluddy[m]>
But this is less idiomatic
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<petroav>
Bluddy[m], got it, great answer! This is my first experience with functional programming so I'm afraid my brain has been poisoned with mutable state so that's the first thing I think of.